Ibicuruzwa byo hejuru cyane ni itsinda ridasanzwe.Umusaruro wo hejuru umaze guhagarikwa, abahuza, inganda zo hepfo, ndetse nabaguzi bazarenza cyangwa bake "baryama ku mbunda zabo"!Kimwe n’uruganda rushya rushyushye rw’inganda zikoresha ingufu, ibura ry’ibikoresho fatizo bya lithium byazanye imbogamizi zikomeye ku musaruro w’amashanyarazi, wafashe ijosi ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu.Niba ari imiyoboro ndende gusa, nibyiza!Igitangaje, ibicuruzwa nabyo birashobora kugabanya undi.Kurugero, kuva uyu mwaka, ihindagurika ryibiciro bya lisansi muri Berezile byagize ingaruka zigaragara kubiciro byisukari!
1. Ihererekanyabubasha ryerekana ingaruka zamavuta ya peteroli ku giciro cyisukari
Ibikoresho by'isukari (ibisheke / beterave) birashobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga isukari na Ethanol, naho Ethanol ikoreshwa cyane mu kuvanga lisansi.Hamwe nogutezimbere Ethanol mubihugu bitanga isukari kwisi yose, igipimo cya Ethanol kiva mubisheke cyiyongereye cyane.Nka "mwami wibicuruzwa", ihindagurika ryibiciro byamavuta ya peteroli bizagira ingaruka kubiciro bya lisansi, bityo bigere ku giciro cya Ethanol, kandi amaherezo bizagira ingaruka ku giciro cyisukari.Mu bihe biri imbere, igiciro cyibikomoka ku buhinzi kizaba gifitanye isano cyane n’igiciro cya peteroli.
Ubwenge bw'ingaruka z'igiciro cya peteroli ku giciro cy'isukari:
1) Nkibikoresho byo hejuru byimbere, igiciro cya lisansi yatunganijwe ahanini biterwa namavuta ya peteroli.
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3) Muri Berezile, kuruhande rwumusaruro, uburyo bwo gukanda inkoni munganda nyinshi zisukari zirashobora guhindura igipimo cyumusaruro wa Ethanol nisukari.Urebye ku bushobozi bw’inganda zikora isukari mu gihugu, igipimo cyo kugereranya umusaruro w’isukari ni 34% - 50%.Guhindura ahanini biterwa nigitandukaniro cyibiciro hagati yisukari na Ethanol - mugihe igiciro cyisukari kiri hejuru cyane ugereranije na Ethanol, uruganda rwisukari rwo muri Berezile ruzatanga umusaruro mwinshi mubisukari;Iyo igiciro cyisukari cyegereye icya Ethanol, uruganda rwisukari ruzatanga etanol nyinshi zishoboka;Iyo ibiciro byombi byegeranye, kubera ko ibyinshi mu bicuruzwa bya Ethanol biri muri Berezile, uruganda rwisukari rushobora gukuramo amafaranga byihuse, mugihe bibiri bya gatatu byumusaruro ukoreshwa mubicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze, kandi umuvuduko wo gukusanya kwishyura uzatinda.Kubwibyo, uko uruganda rwisukari rwinshi mugihugu kinini, niko bakunda gukora Ethanol.Hanyuma, muri Berezile, ihinduka ry’umusaruro w’isukari 1% bizagira ingaruka kuri toni miliyoni 75-80 z’inganda z’isukari.Kubwibyo rero, mubihe bikabije, uruganda rwisukari rushobora guhindura isukari ya toni miliyoni 11-12 idahinduye umusaruro wibisheke, kandi iri hinduka ryingana nisukari mubushinwa mumwaka.Birashobora kugaragara ko umusaruro wa Ethanol wo muri Berezile ugira ingaruka zikomeye kubitangwa nisukari ku isi.
4) Kuri Berezile, Ethanol yuzuye ivangwa ku gahato na lisansi yuzuye (lisansi A) kugirango ikore lisansi C (27%);Byongeye kandi, kuri sitasiyo ya lisansi, abaguzi barashobora guhitamo byoroshye gutera lisansi yo mu bwoko bwa C cyangwa Ethanol hydrous mu kigega cya lisansi, kandi guhitamo gushingiye ahanini ku bukungu bwombi - agaciro ka calorifique ya Ethanol ni 0.7 ya lisansi.Kubwibyo, mugihe igipimo cyibiciro cya hydrous Ethanol na lisansi yo mu bwoko bwa C kiri munsi ya 0.7, abaguzi bazongera ikoreshwa rya Ethanol kandi bagabanye gukoresha lisansi;Ibinyuranye
5) Usibye Burezili, Ubuhinde, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ibindi bihugu na byo birashishikariza umusaruro wa Ethanol.Kuri Amerika, nk'umusemburo wa Ethanol nini ku isi, ibikoresho fatizo biterwa n'ibigori, ariko igiciro cya Ethanol y'ibigori muri Amerika nacyo kigira ingaruka ku biciro by'ingufu.Hanyuma, hariho ubucuruzi hagati ya Ethanol yo muri Amerika na Ethanol y'ibisheke.Ethanol y'Abanyamerika irashobora koherezwa muri Berezile, naho Ethanol yo muri Berezile nayo ishobora koherezwa muri Amerika.Icyerekezo cyo gutumiza no kohereza hanze biterwa nigiciro cyibiciro hagati yabyo.
Mugihe hatabayeho kwivuguruza gushya, intege nke zubu ku isoko ryisukari mugihe gito zifitanye isano rya bugufi nigabanuka ryibiciro bya peteroli.Iyo igiciro cya peteroli ihagaze neza, amasoko yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga ateganijwe kongera kwiyongera.
2. Politiki y’ibihugu bikomeye bitanga umusaruro irahinduka, kandi insanganyamatsiko y’isoko ry’isukari ni "shyashya"
Ati: “Nkurikije ahantu hashyushye vuba aha ku masoko yo mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga, ibyinshi muri byo bifitanye isano n'ibihugu bikuru bitanga umusaruro.”Umucuruzi w'isukari i Nanning, muri Guangnan, yatangarije abanyamakuru ko kugeza ubu, ibihugu byinshi ku isi byatangaje ko bibujijwe cyangwa bibujijwe ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by’isukari, muri byo ibihugu bikomeye ku isi bitanga isukari n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga Burezili n'Ubuhinde bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko , hagakurikiraho Pakisitani, Tayilande, Indoneziya n'ibindi bihugu.
Byumvikane ko mubihugu byavuzwe haruguru bitanga isukari, Ubuhinde bwagabanije umubare w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Impamvu yatanzwe ni ukureba niba itangwa ryimbere mu gihugu no gukumira ibiciro by'isukari kuzamuka.Kimwe n'Ubuhinde, Pakisitani nayo iragerageza kugabanya ifaranga no kwemeza itangwa ry’imbere mu gihugu.Icyakora, Pakisitani yashyize ingufu nyinshi kurusha Ubuhinde, inatangaza mu buryo butaziguye guhagarika isukari yoherezwa mu mahanga mu ntangiriro za Gicurasi.Urebye muri Berezile, birihariye.Nka gihugu kinini ku isi gitanga isukari, gifite ingaruka zikomeye ku itangwa ry’isukari ku isi.Kugeza ubu, ukurikije ibiciro by’ibiciro bya peteroli mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga, inganda z’isukari zo muri Berezile ntizanga gutanga isukari nyinshi, nubwo ibiciro by’isukari nabyo byazamutse cyane.
Icyakora, hari amakuru avuga ko umusoro wa lisansi muri Berezile uzatuma igabanuka ryibiciro byisukari.Isoko ririho ubu ryita kubikorwa byumushinga.Byumvikane ko umushinga w'itegeko (umushinga) wo muri Berezile ushobora kugabanya imisoro ya lisansi, cyane cyane lisansi, ishobora gutuma uruganda rw'isukari ruva mu musaruro wa Ethanol rukagera ku musaruro w'isukari, hanyuma bikagabanya igiciro cy'isukari ku isi.
Kugeza ubu, guverinoma ya Berezile irimo guteza imbere amategeko agabanya umusoro wa Leta ICMS ku bicanwa kugera kuri 17%.Kubera ko umusoro wa ICMS kuri lisansi uri hejuru ya Ethanol, naho hejuru ya 17%, umushinga w'itegeko uzatuma igabanuka rya lisansi rigabanuka.Kugirango ukomeze guhatana, Ethanol nayo igomba kugabanuka kubiciro.Mu bihe biri imbere, niba igiciro cya Ethanol kigabanutse, izo nganda zishobora kubyara byoroshye Ethanol cyangwa isukari nyinshi ukurikije igiciro cy’isoko irashobora guhinduka ku musaruro w’isukari, bityo ukongera ibicuruzwa ku isi.Ababigize umwuga bavuze ko ku isoko ry’ibanze rya Sao Paulo, itegeko rishya rishobora kugabanya guhangana na Ethanol ugereranije na lisansi ku gipimo cya 8 ku ijana, bigatuma ibiciro bya peteroli bikomera.
Byumvikane kandi ko Vietnam izasubika iperereza ryo kurwanya isuka ku isukari itunganijwe kuva mu baturanyi ba ASEAN (Indoneziya, Maleziya, Kamboje, Laos na Miyanimari) kugeza ku ya 21 Nyakanga, nyuma y'amezi abiri ugereranyije n'itariki ya mbere yo ku ya 21 Gicurasi. Byongeye kandi, Indoneziya guverinoma yongereye itangwa ry’impushya zidasanzwe mu nganda zitunganya uruganda no mu ruganda.Vietnam nimwe mubatumiza isukari nini muri Aziya.Kuva guverinoma yatangaza ko hashyizweho umusoro wa 47,64% ku isukari itunganijwe yatumijwe muri Tayilande, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva muri Indoneziya byiyongereye.Nyuma yuko Tayilande ishyizeho umusoro mwinshi utumizwa mu isukari, isukari nyinshi yaturutse muri Indoneziya, Maleziya, Kamboje, Laos na Miyanimari yinjiye muri Vietnam.
3. Impaka hagati ya lisansi nigiciro cyisukari
Benzine itunganijwe mu mavuta ya peteroli.Igiciro cya lisansi yagurishijwe na Petrobras kubayigurisha ishingiye ku giciro cy’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, bigizwe n’igiciro mpuzamahanga cya lisansi hiyongereyeho n’igiciro cyatumijwe mu mahanga.Iyo igiciro cya lisansi yimbere muri Berezile gitandukanije nigiciro mpuzamahanga cya peteroli kurwego runaka, Petrobras izahindura ibiciro byimbere mu gihugu imbere.Kubwibyo, igiciro mpuzamahanga cyibikomoka kuri peteroli kizagira ingaruka ku biciro fatizo bya Petrobras (igiciro cya lisansi yo mu cyiciro A).
Kuva muri uyu mwaka, kubera ingaruka z’Uburusiya na Ukraine, igiciro cya peteroli yazamutse cyane.Ku ya 11 Werurwe, Petrobras yazamuye igiciro cya lisansi 18.8%.Umubare munini wubushakashatsi ku isoko bwerekana ko ibinyabiziga bya lisansi byoroshye bishobora gukoresha lisansi C cyangwa Ethanol hydrous nkisoko yingufu.Abafite imodoka mubisanzwe bahitamo lisansi ishingiye kubiciro bya Ethanol / lisansi.70% niwo murongo ugabanya.Hejuru y'umurongo ugabanya, bahitamo gukoresha lisansi, naho ubundi bakunda Ethanol.Ihitamo ryabaguzi risanzwe ryoherezwa kubakora.Ku bimera bitunganya ibisheke, niba igiciro cya peteroli ya peteroli ku isi kizamutse, bazashyira imbere umusaruro wa Ethanol kuruta isukari.
Incamake y'interuro imwe: igiciro cya peteroli cyazamutse - igiciro cya lisansi cyazamutse muri Berezile - ikoreshwa rya Ethanol ryiyongereye - umusaruro w'isukari wagabanutse - igiciro cy'isukari cyazamutse.
Nk’umusaruro munini ku isi kandi wohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga isukari, umwanya wa Berezile ku isoko ry’isukari ku isi uragaragara kuri bose.Nubwo isukari ikomoka muri Berezile ari myinshi, urwego rw’imbere mu gihugu ruri munsi ya 30% y’ibisohoka.Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na 70% by’isukari mu gihugu, hamwe na 40% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi.Nyamara, ibintu bidasanzwe ni uko, bitandukanye na logique igena izamuka n’igabanuka ry’ibicuruzwa, isano itangwa n’ibisabwa ku biciro by’isukari ntigaragaza rwose impinduka z’ibiciro by’isukari ku isi.Ibintu birimo biragoye cyane.Muri rusange, bifitanye isano no kwibanda cyane ku musaruro w’isukari ku isi no kohereza hanze.Kubwibyo, niba ushaka kumenya uko igiciro cyisukari kigenda, ugomba kubireba ufatanije na Berezile, itanga isukari nyamukuru.
CICC yafashe umwanzuro uhagarariye: mu rwego rwo kugena ibiciro by’isukari ku isi, ikintu gikomeye cy’igiciro cy’isukari muri Berezile kiri mu isoko, ntabwo ari uruhande rusabwa.Ukurikije ishingiro ry’imbere mu gihugu, imikoreshereze y’imbere mu gihugu cya Berezile mu myaka yashize, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutanga burenze cyane ibyo ukenera.Kubwibyo, kubirebire byigihe kirekire nibisabwa, impinduka zimpande kuruhande zitanga nurufunguzo rwo kumenya igiciro cyisukari yo muri Berezile, kandi nikintu nyamukuru kigira ingaruka kumasoko mpuzamahanga.Ku bijyanye n’igiciro cy’isukari mpuzamahanga, ukurikije uko Berezile iteganya umusaruro mwinshi, nk’uko USDA ibiteganya, umusaruro w’isukari ku isi mu 2022/23 nawo uziyongera ku gipimo cya 0,94% umwaka ushize ugere kuri toni miliyoni 183, uracyari mu bihe birenze urugero.
Muyandi magambo, kubijyanye nuko ibintu bimeze ubu, ntihazabura ibiryo.Ku isoko ry’isukari iriho, hari ukuvuguruzanya hagati yo kongera umusaruro mu bihugu bikuru bitanga umusaruro n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu.Ariko, mugihe kirekire, impinduka zifatizo zizanwa nigiciro cya peteroli izagira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byisukari.Hamwe ninyungu zindi mpamvu za macro, isukari mbisi ndende iteganijwe gukomeza kwiyongera hamwe nigiciro cya peteroli.
JinDun Chemicalyiyemeje guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa imiti yihariye ya acrylate hamwe n’imiti idasanzwe irimo fluor.JinDun Chemical ifite inganda zitunganya OEM i Jiangsu, Anhui n’ahandi hantu zimaze imyaka mirongo zikorana, zitanga ubufasha bukomeye kuri serivisi zihariye z’imiti yihariye.JinDun Imiti ishimangira gushinga itsinda rifite inzozi, gukora ibicuruzwa byiyubashye, byitondewe, bikomeye, kandi byose bisohoke kuba umufatanyabikorwa wizewe ninshuti yabakiriya!Gerageza gukoraibikoresho bishya bya shimiuzane ejo hazaza heza ku isi!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2022