Amavuta ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigamije iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa, kandi urwego rwo kugarura peteroli na rwo rwabaye impungenge ku nganda z'Ubushinwa.Amazi ya peteroli mugihugu cyacu yamye ari menshi.Uburyo bwo kugabanya amazi nayo yabaye ikibazo gikomeye muruganda.Tekinoroji yo kugarura amavuta ya gatatugukoresha polymer nkuwitwaye nigipimo cyiza cyo gukemura iki kibazo.Ubu buryo butezimbere neza umunyu wamavuta kandi bigabanya kwanduza ibidukikije.Kubwibyo, iterambere rishya rya polymers nshya nurufunguzo rwo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryubushakashatsi bwa peteroli mubushinwa.
Ijambo ryibanze:polymer, tekinoroji yo kugarura amavuta ya kaminuza, inzira yiterambere, icyerekezo cyingenzi cyubushakashatsi
Kugeza ubu, peteroli y'Ubushinwa ifite amazi menshi, kandi kwishingikiriza kuri peteroli yo hanze nayo iriyongera.Amavuta afite umwanya munini mubushinwa.Tugomba rero kwemeza ko peteroli ishobora kongera umusaruro hashingiwe ku musaruro uhamye no gukoreshwa neza.Nibibazo byingenzi kugabanya neza amazi yibikomoka kuri peteroli, hamwe no kugarura amavuta ya gatatu ukoresheje polymer nkuwitwaye nimwe mubikorwa bifatika byo gukemura iki kibazo.Muriyi nzira, polymer nyamukuru nipolyacrylamide, zishobora gutera ihungabana, kwanduza ibidukikije, kurwanya umunyu muke nizindi mpamvu, ibi bintu rero byateje ibibazo bya tekiniki bigomba gukemurwa mumuhanda wo kuzamurwa.Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, ubushakashatsi kuri polymers nshya bwabaye ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi.
1 、 Iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo kugarura peteroli
Tekinoroji yo kugarura peteroli ya gatatu yahuye nimpinduka eshatu nini nini ziterambere.Iterambere ryambere ryabaye kuva 1950 kugeza 1969. Amavuta aremereye yakoreshejwe cyane munganda za peteroli kugirango agere ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kwimura peteroli, bityo amavuta aremereye yakoreshejwe cyane kwisi.Iterambere rya kabiri ryabaye kuva 1971 kugeza 1980. Muri icyo gihe, umwuzure w’amazi wari inzira nyamukuru, ariko kugarura peteroli ya gatatu hamwe n’umwuzure w’imiti byatejwe imbere byihuse.Icyakora, iterambere ry’umwuzure w’imiti muri kiriya gihe ryagarutsweho n’impamvu nyinshi zitazwi, nk'igiciro kinini, umwanda mwinshi, n'ibindi. Iterambere rya gatatu ryatangiye mu 1990, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryo gutera gaze nabi ryatejwe imbere mu Bushinwa.Iri koranabuhanga rifite ibyiza byo gukoresha amafaranga make, uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoresha, kandi rishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije.
2 technology Ikoranabuhanga rishya rya polymer
Ubu buhanga bukusanya amavuta ya peteroli inshuro eshatu.Kugarura peteroli yibanze bivuga ingufu zikigega mugikorwa cyo gukoresha peteroli;Inzira yo kugarura peteroli ya kabiri ni ukuzuza ikigega ingufu zitemba, mubisanzwe kugirango hongerwe gaze namazi kubigega;Kugarura peteroli ya gatatu ikoresha imiti kugirango ihindure imikorere ya gaze, amazi, amavuta na rutare.Muri tekinoroji eshatu zo kugarura peteroli, tekinoroji ya gatatu yo kugarura peteroli niyo izwi cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe.Iri koranabuhanga rifite imbaraga zo gukira neza kurusha izindi ebyiri, rishobora kugabanya neza igabanywa ry’amazi ya peteroli, kandi nicyo cyemezo nyamukuru cyo kuzamura ubwiza bwa peteroli mu Bushinwa.Polimeri nshya ibaho muburyo bwimiterere ya molekile, ishobora kunoza umunyu wa molekile ya polymer kandi ikazamura cyane amavuta.Iyi polymer nshya yakoreshejwe cyane mumasoko akomeye ya peteroli mubushinwa, kandi ingaruka ni ingirakamaro cyane, byagaragaye mubikorwa.Ugereranije nabisanzwe polyacrylamide, iyi molekile nshya ya polymer ntabwo igabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gukoresha, ariko kandi irashobora kurengera ibidukikije no kongera umuvuduko wamavuta ku gipimo cya kabiri ku ijana, bizamura cyane igipimo cyo kugarura peteroli.
3 direction Icyerekezo cyingenzi cyubushakashatsi bwo kugarura amavuta ya kaminuza
Ubwa mbere, murwego rwa peteroli yuyu munsi, surfactant ifite ingaruka nziza zo kwimura peteroli nigiciro gito ni umurongo ngenderwaho wubushakashatsi muriki cyiciro mugutezimbere tekinoroji yo kwimura peteroli ya ternary.Byongeye kandi, guhitamo surfactant byizwe hagamijwe kugabanya neza igiciro cya surfactant muri sisitemu yo guhura na ternary.Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku nganda zikomoka kuri peteroli ni ukugabanya ingaruka zo gutandukanya chromatografiya, kandi ibisubizo bishoboka kandi bifatika byatanzwe mu bucukuzi butandukanye bwa peteroli, butanga urufatiro rukomeye rw’ibipimo binini bigereranywa.
Icya kabiri, kugirango tunonosore amavuta, imyuzure yibumbiye hamwe nubuhanga bukora neza.Iri koranabuhanga ntabwo rihuza ibyiza byo kugarura amavuta yubushyuhe gusa, ahubwo rifite ibyiza byo kwimura amavuta ya furo, kandi rifite n'ingaruka zo kwimura amavuta ya azote na dioxyde de carbone, bizamura cyane ingaruka zo kwimura peteroli.
Iri koranabuhanga rirashobora kwinjira neza mu cyuho gito no mu mwobo udashobora kugerwaho na sisitemu ya ternary compte kugirango ikureho amavuta asigaye.Ubushakashatsi bujyanye nabwo bwerekana ko ibintu byo kugarura amavuta byatejwe imbere n’umwuzure.Nyuma yo guterwa polymer, hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera, umwuzure wuzuye ifuro nawo utezimbere amavuta.Mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugarura amavuta birashobora kugera kuri 16%.
Icya gatatu, mumyaka yashize, kwimura amavuta ya mikorobe byateye imbere byihuse muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo kugarura peteroli, kandi hafi ya yose yibikomoka kuri peteroli yakoze ubushakashatsi bujyanye no kwimura amavuta ya mikorobe no kugarura peteroli.Hano mu Bushinwa hari ibibanza birenga 20 byo kwimura amavuta ya mikorobe.Nyamara, tekinoroji iriho ntabwo itunganye, kandi ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bya tekiniki biracyakenewe gukemurwa, nkubushakashatsi bwakozwe mugupima mikorobe yibidukikije.
4 、 Ibibazo
Gukoresha polymer mu murima wa peteroli birashobora kuzamura cyane igipimo cyo kugarura peteroli bityo bikazana inyungu nini mubukungu, ariko ntakintu nakimwe kwisi cyuzuye.Ibikurikira nibibazo bimwe na bimwe mubikorwa bifatika bya polymers:
（1 block Guhagarika neza
Ikintu cyingenzi kugirango amavuta agaruke ni polymer, ishobora kugabanya cyane amazi yamavuta.Bitewe no kwivanga kwimpamvu zitandukanye, mugihe igitutu cyo gutera inshinge zimwe na zimwe za polymers kizamutse kandi ikegera umuvuduko wivunika, indangagaciro zabo zumuvuduko ntizujuje ibisabwa, kandi mugihe ingano yo gutera inshinge igabanutse, gucomeka kwa polymer kugaragara kumuriba, bigira ingaruka kuri gukora neza.
（2 all Gutanga inshinge hamwe n'umwanda
Ikigamijwe ni ukugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha imyuzure ya polymer no kugabanya ikoreshwa ryamazi meza kumyuzure ya polymer.Kugeza ubu, intambwe ibanza imaze guterwa mu bushakashatsi bwo gutera polymer hamwe n’amazi yanduye.Uburyo bwa mbere nugukoresha mu buryo butaziguye umwanda wamavuta kugirango ugabanye polymer irwanya umunyu.Mbere yo kuyungurura, umwanda wa bagiteri ugomba kuvaho kugirango wizere ko ububobere bwa polymer budahinduka.Uburyo bwa kabiri ni uguhitamo imyanda yamavuta kugirango ubwiza bwayo bugere kumazi make yumunyu, hanyuma ukayitera muri polymer.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi buriho ntabwo busobanukiwe byimazeyo uburyo bwo kwifata bugira ingaruka kuri polymer, kandi inzira yo gushiraho polymer hamwe n imyanda yamavuta ikenera kurushaho kunozwa no kunozwa.
5 、 Umwanzuro
Tekinoroji yubushakashatsi bwa gatatu ihuza tekinoroji yo hejuru kandi nshya muri fiziki, chimie na biyolojiya kugirango ikomeze kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryubushakashatsi bwa peteroli.Mu rwego rw'inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli,tekinoroji yo gukoresha kaminuzaishingiye kuri polymer yageze mu nganda n’inganda nini, zishobora gutanga uburyo bukomeye bwa tekiniki mu gukoresha peteroli mu Bushinwa.Ariko, hamwe no gushimangira uburyo bwa tekiniki, bimwe mubibazo biza rwose biduha umutwe.Ibibazo bibiri byavuzwe mu ngingo ni kimwe gusa muri byinshi.Kubwibyo, kumuhanda inshuro eshatu zubushakashatsi bwubucukuzi niterambere, ntidushobora kuruhuka umwanya uwariwo wose.Tugomba gushimangira imbaraga zubushakashatsi bwa siyanse kugirango dukemure ibibazo byingenzi, kandi dukemure ibibazo byikoranabuhanga ryamabuye y'agaciro neza kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-19-2022